Abstract: the power grid structure is complex, the operation mode is changeable, and all kinds of switching operations are more and more important. This paper analyzes the causes of high voltage electrical misoperation, and puts forward the corresponding preventive measures.
Key words: Electrical; switching operation; misoperation
In substation operation, electrical switching operation is one of the basic work in substation operation, and electrical switching operation is a complex and meticulous work, in the operation of a certain negligence, carelessness, will cause electrical misoperation, resulting in line blackout, equipment damage, serious will cause casualties, power grid disconnection, bring serious losses to the country and the people. Therefore, the prevention of electrical misoperation is of great significance to substation operation.
1、 Causes of electrical misoperation
1. The technical quality of operators is not high
Electrical operation requires operators to have strong professional knowledge and be familiar with various regulations and systems. Only by being familiar with the function, performance, location and safety precautions of electrical equipment, the wiring mode and operation mode of electrical equipment, and mastering relevant regulations and systems, can the correct switching operation be carried out. At present, due to the accelerating pace of power grid construction, the demand for operation personnel is also increasing. After a short period of training, the operation personnel can not grasp all kinds of regulations and systems, and have little knowledge of safety knowledge. When they encounter abnormal conditions, they are in a hurry, resulting in wrong operation.
2. Habitual Violation of regulations
Operators can not strictly implement the rules and regulations, completely rely on fluke mentality, or too confident, not in accordance with the rules and regulations, resulting in electrical misoperation, mainly in the following points.
(1) Operators can not strictly implement the "two tickets and three systems". They think that the operation is simple. Sometimes they don't write the operation ticket or fill in the operation ticket seriously enough, resulting in the operation ticket error. They rely on their own subjective judgment to operate.
(2) The personnel are paralyzed and loose in mind. They don't sing tickets or recite again in the process of operation, and they don't check the equipment name and number carefully. The monitoring system becomes a mere formality. The operator and the guardian dislocation, do not perform their respective duties, or even leave the operator to do other work, or even operate with the operator, in fact, often become a single person operation, lost supervision.
(3) Personnel do not understand the operation task and operation scope, and they will be mere formality or not carry out the operation at all before the shift. They will operate blindly and have a fluke mentality.
(4) If the operation inspection is not serious and careful, the inspectors can't inspect the split phase equipment item by item when they watch from a distance. If they see one of the phases, they think that the equipment is completely separated. If the monitoring operators don't carefully check the monitoring status change of the equipment after operation, it will cause the misoperation of power transmission with grounding knife.
(5) Close the grounding switch or install the grounding wire, omit the operation steps, for fear of trouble; in order to save trouble, do not check the electricity, and operate according to personal subjective judgment.
(6) The check and audit of the operation ticket is not strict. After the operator fills in the operation ticket, the person in charge on duty checks the operation ticket in a fancy way, or even operates without checking. The wrong operation steps can not be found in time, leading to the occurrence of misoperation.
3. The mental state of the staff is bad
Due to the lack of personnel in the station, some personnel on duty continuously, resulting in mental fatigue, lack of concentration in the operation, excessive physical consumption in the operation process, or sick on duty, it is easy to cause electrical misoperation accidents.
4. The anti misoperation locking device is not perfect or the management is not strict
Anti misoperation locking device is a compulsory technical measure to prevent electrical misoperation accidents. When human factors cause errors, as long as there is a perfect and reliable anti misoperation locking device, it can also prevent the occurrence of misoperation accidents. At present, most of the anti misoperation locking devices we use are mechanical program lock, electromagnetic lock and microcomputer locking device. Due to the poor quality of some products and installation and commissioning, as well as improper use and maintenance of operators, it is easy to cause the jam, failure and other faults of anti misoperation locking device, which can not play the role of anti misoperation locking. In the process of using, operators encounter five anti lock can not be opened, do not analyze the reasons for blind unlocking, do not use the unlocking key according to the provisions, or even break the lock, so that the anti misoperation locking device can not fully play a role, resulting in misoperation.
2、 Preventive measures for electrical misoperation
1. Strengthen the ideological education of operators and improve safety awareness
If a person does not have a sense of responsibility for his work, no matter how high his diploma is, no matter how skilled he is, no matter how perfect the rules and regulations are, and no matter how well he writes the operation plan and instructions, he may have an accident. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out safety ideological education for operators from time to time, and let operators realize the seriousness of the consequences of illegal operation through various misoperation cases, so as to keep the alarm ringing and be prepared for danger in times of safety. Whether the operation is complex or simple, whether the leaders are present or not, we should seriously and strictly implement the safety regulations and systems, and strictly implement the organizational and technical measures to ensure safety.
2. Formulate standardized operation instruction for Substation Switching
Each substation has its own characteristics in the wiring mode and performance of the primary and secondary equipment, and there are differences in the technical quality of the operation personnel. Therefore, we need to compile the switching operation standardization instruction of each station according to the characteristics and operation requirements of the substation equipment, and clearly state the operation details. It is an effective measure to bring every specific step and operation mode from work preparation to implementation into a standardized track and greatly reduce the chance of random operation.
3. Strengthen the technical training of personnel and improve the technical level of business
With the acceleration of the pace of power grid construction, personnel training and needs can not be synchronized, resulting in some posts need personnel to work ahead of time, and these personnel can not grasp the equipment performance and equipment principle well, and can not timely and accurately analyze the accidents. 90% of the power accidents are sudden, and the operation personnel can not accurately and quickly analyze the causes of the faults, resulting in confusion The accident was enlarged by misoperation. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the training of operators, regularly carry out various training classes, actively participate in various learning classes organized by units and higher-level units, organize operators to learn the regulations and systems related to substation operation, such as "electric power safety work regulations", and conduct examinations irregularly, so as to test the learning effect. The substation should often carry out various drills to improve the ability of operators to deal with accidents, so as to improve the ability of operators to deal with accidents and abnormal response, so as to be fearless in the face of danger. Only in this way can we fundamentally improve the professional quality of substation operators and provide aftereffect for safe operation.
4. Improve the anti misoperation locking device and strengthen the management
Anti misoperation locking device is a compulsory technical measure to prevent electrical misoperation accidents. When human factors cause errors, if there is a perfect and reliable anti misoperation locking device, it can prevent misoperation accidents. It is necessary to effectively implement the responsibility system of anti misoperation, assign special personnel in the station to be responsible for the operation and management of the anti misoperation device, strengthen the training for the operation personnel in the use and maintenance of the anti misoperation locking device, improve the operation personnel's understanding of the performance and structure of the anti misoperation locking device, and master the correct use and maintenance methods. If the anti misoperation locking device fails, it shall be replaced and maintained in time to ensure that it can play the role of anti misoperation at all times. When it is necessary to exit the operation of the anti misoperation locking device, it can exit the operation only after the approval of the competent leader of the unit. It is necessary to formulate and improve the operation and maintenance management system of the anti misoperation locking device, strengthen the management, and ensure the normal operation of the installed anti misoperation locking device. The operating personnel shall not use the unlocking key to unlock the device at will. When the operation cannot be carried out due to the anti misoperation device, the reasons shall be found out. Only in this way can the anti misoperation be truly prevented.
5. Strictly implement the monitoring and recitation system, and strictly control the on-site quality
For the more important operation, the station master or deputy station master must check on the site, and the general operation should also be monitored in place and operated carefully. During the operation, the guardian must concentrate on monitoring, and is not allowed to participate in the operation or other work. In the process of monitoring, we should first check the accuracy of the equipment position, and then adhere to the implementation of the repeat system. The operator is allowed to operate only after the guardian confirms the correctness and issues the "yes, execute!" command. In order to prevent skipping or missing items, mark "√" on the item number immediately after each operation. Practice has proved that the implementation of operation monitoring in place, strict control of site quality and timely correction of habitual violations can not only effectively prevent the occurrence of electrical misoperation accidents, but also have great significance to improve the operation level of operators, shorten the operation time and improve the utilization rate of equipment.
3、 Concluding remarks
To sum up, in order to prevent the occurrence of electrical misoperation accidents, it is necessary to continuously improve the technical quality of operators; operators on duty should strictly implement various management systems, carefully and strictly implement various regulations and systems in operation, strictly implement "two tickets and three systems", treat each operation with a high sense of responsibility; correctly use the anti misoperation locking device to make it play a greater role. In this way, we can avoid the occurrence of electrical misoperation accidents and ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power grid.