China's Standardization Law stipulates that if the product produced by an enterprise has no national standard or industrial standard, the enterprise shall formulate its own enterprise standard as the basis for organizing production.
Under the condition of market economy, the development speed of new wire and cable products is very fast, often these products have no national standards or industry standards, which requires enterprises to develop their own product standards according to the development of new products and market demand, as the basis for production organization and quality control.
How can we make the wire and cable enterprise standards more scientific and more reasonable?
First, the standard structure layout, level division should be reasonable
The structure of a standard, the "skeleton" of a standard, should mainly consider the relationship between the whole and the part.
Standard text should include a few parts, each part should set what content, had planned beforehand before making a standard, accomplish in bosom count.
Otherwise the standard that makes will be disorderly, primary and secondary is not divided, "word of disorder", bring difficulty to the implementation of later standard.
For example, some enterprises have put "rated voltage 0.6/1 kV plastic insulated control cable" enterprise standard, the PVC insulated, PE insulation, cross-linked polyethylene insulation and so on all kinds of control cable written in a standard, in the narrative of various insulation technology and test project, in the process of standards is very inconvenient.
In such cases, therefore, a series of criteria should be divided into several parts.
To divide into separate parts in the same standard order.
For example: Part 1: General Provisions;
Part 2: PVC insulated control cables with rated voltage of 0.6/1 kV......
And so on, the level of the standard is clear at a glance, the relationship between each part can also be expressed step by step.
Two, accurate and reasonable reference standards
"Citation standard" means that when compiling a standard, some content is stipulated in other current standards. We only need to refer to the number and name of the current standard to replace its specific provisions, and do not have to copy the specific content of the current standard repeatedly.
On the other hand, if the specific content of this standard is copied into the enterprise standard, it is not called "referenced standard" and does not need to be included in the list of referenced standards.
When compiling the enterprise standard, it should be quoted with the date of publication (year number) of the standard.
When writing a list of reference criteria, the guide must be written out.
When referring to a set of standards, you should specify which parts to refer to.
For example: GB 12666.1 -- 90 Fire test methods for wires and cables Part 1 General;
GB 12666.2-90 Fire test methods for wires and cables -- Part 2: Vertical combustion test method for a single wire and cable
In order to save space, it can be simplified appropriately, for example, it can be simplified as: GB 12666.1 ~ 12666.2-90 combustion test method for wires and cables.
However, it should not be simplified to: GB 12666-90 combustion test method for wires and cables, because there is no clear reference to which parts of this series of standards, which will bring difficulties to the implementation of the future.
For a certain chapter or article of the standard to be quoted, either directly quote this chapter (article) or copy the content of this chapter (article) verbatim.
Otherwise, other content that is not referenced will conflict with enterprise standards.
The quotation standards are arranged in the order of first domestic and then international (internal and external), first small and then large.
Third, the determination of technical indicators should be clear and reasonable
1. The technical indicators shall be complete, and the allowable deviation range or limit shall be specified for the technical indicators to be tested. The technical requirements in the enterprise standard are the core content of the standard formulation, which shall meet the functional requirements and product quality requirements, and shall fully consider the use requirements and basic characteristics of the product in the compilation.
The technical indicators shall be complete without missing items, and the allowable deviation range or limit value shall be stipulated for the technical indicators to be tested.
For example, when an enterprise compiled the enterprise standard of "rare-earth aluminum-stranded wire and steel-core rare-earth aluminum-stranded wire", it did not specify the content of rare earth in the rare-earth aluminum-stranded wire, nor did it stipulate the test item of the anti-corrosion performance of the wire.
When an enterprise compilates the enterprise standard of "low halogen and low smoke flame retardant power cable", it only stipulates the bundle combustion test and halogen acid gas quantity determination test, but does not stipulate the cable combustion smoke concentration test and the minimum light transmittance index.
The index value of the resistance is not clear as the lower limit, so the quality level of the enterprise standard is poor, can not play a strict role in controlling the quality of the product, but also bring difficulties to the implementation of the future.
2. The product process requirements can be properly incorporated into the enterprise standard as the basis for production control according to the actual situation of the enterprise. In the formulation of national standards, the general performance of the standard is considered, and the product process requirements are generally not listed.
When making enterprise standards, the process requirements that affect product quality can be properly incorporated into enterprise standards. It is one of the important means for enterprises to ensure product quality, carry out internal quality control and improve the market competitiveness of output.
For example: the classification of enterprises "low smoke zero halogen flame retardant power cable" enterprise standard, adopt extrusion type filling can be stipulated insulation wire core clearance form, to the different requirements of crosslinking cable may limit its use steam crosslinking, dry crosslinking and irradiation crosslinking process, for more than the rated voltage up to and including 6 kV crosslinked xlpe power cable can be stipulated adopts three-layer co-extrusion manufacturing process, such as the enterprise standard content features, which can improve the enterprise market competition ability of the product.
3. The determination of technical requirements should follow the principle of testability
After a technical requirement index is determined, the corresponding test method must be considered. In order to develop advanced and reasonable technical index, the standard setter should solicit the opinions of the metering personnel and quality inspection personnel, and establish one-to-one corresponding test or inspection method for each technical index.
The test method used for testing or inspecting the product characteristics shall be matched and synchronized with the quality characteristic value, and the precision grade of the testing (inspection) instrument may be clearly stipulated.
For example: the concentric conductor shielding inhibition coefficient test method is considered when formulating the concentric conductor power cable enterprise standard;
The determination method of rare earth content should be considered when making the enterprise standard of rare earth aluminum stranded wire and steel core rare earth aluminum stranded wire.
4. The requirements of mandatory national standards or industry standards shall not be lowered
Compulsory standards are standards that must be implemented. No enterprise or unit may produce or sell products that do not conform to the mandatory standards.
In order to save the investment in testing equipment, production management and other aspects, some enterprises arbitrarily reduce the requirements of national standards and industry standards, which is not allowed.
When establishing enterprise standards for five-core power cables and concentric shielded power cables, their basic performance indexes shall meet the requirements of the mandatory national standard GB 12706.1 ~ 12706.3 -- 1991 "Copper core, aluminum core and plastic insulated power cables with rated voltage up to and including 35 kV".
When the enterprise standard of flat type elastomer sheathed elevator is formulated, its basic performance indexes should conform to the requirements of compulsory national standard GB 5013.5 -- 1997 "rubber insulated cables with rated voltage up to and including 450/750 V -- Part 5: Elevator cables".
The special requirements for cables should be specified additionally.
For does not have some testing instrument or equipment of the enterprise, also should have an impact on the quality of the products of the technical requirements to write, to temporarily does not have the project test conditions, can deliver national electric wire electric cable quality supervision and inspection center or other relevant quality supervision and inspection authorities for inspection, to ensure that produce a product quality can meet the requirements of the user to use a function.
If the enterprise standard of nuclear grade cables used in nuclear power plants is formulated, the thermal aging life assessment test should be considered.
IV. The compilation and designation of wire and cable product models shall conform to the practice of wire and cable industry
At present, the type and name of wire and cable products in the market are not standard, which is often caused by the non-standard compilation of product type and name in the compilation of enterprise standards by some enterprises.
Generally speaking, the preparation of wire and cable product models and names should be in accordance with the practice of the wire and cable industry and arranged in the following ways:
1. Category and purpose;
2. The conductor;
3. Insulation;
4. Inner sheath;
5. Structural characteristics;
6. Outer sheath;
7. The derived.
Among them: 1 ~ 5 items with Chinese pinyin letters (concise requirements), 6 ~ 7 items generally with Arabic numerals.
The code name of outer sheath shall comply with GB 2952-1989 "cable outer sheath" standard.
Specific preparation can refer to "Wire and Cable Manual" and the relevant national (industry) standards for wire and cable compilation.
Unless foreign trade exports or user special requirements, generally should not use foreign standard models of the preparation method, in order to avoid user misunderstanding.
Fifth, enterprise standards should pay attention to the compilation of inspection rules
Inspection rules are the uniform provisions of the methods and means adopted to determine whether the quality characteristics of the product conform to the prescribed indicators.
It is the basic standard that production enterprise, quality supervision department and user unit judge whether the product is qualified to be abided by jointly.
It should mainly include the following contents: inspection classification and items, batch and sampling, determination of inspection results and reinspection rules.
When formulating enterprise standards, do not one-sided quote GB 2828 -- 1987 "Batch by Batch Inspection Count Sampling Procedure and Sampling Table" and GB 2829 -- 1987 "Cycle Inspection Count Sampling Procedure and Sampling Table".
Because these two standards are put forward by the Ministry of Electronic Industry, mainly applicable to the sampling inspection of mass production of electronic products, so wire and cable production enterprises have flexible application.
Because the enterprise standard is the enterprise's own development and implementation of the standard, can be based on the characteristics of the enterprise in the standard directly write a group of batches, sampling number, inspection items, determination rules and other specific content, so that the operation is very convenient, also do not need to develop other product inspection rules and supporting the implementation.
Finally, it should be pointed out that the enterprise product standards must be reported to the local government standardization administrative departments and relevant administrative departments for the record, if the enterprise product standards without record registration, from the legal sense of the product belongs to no standard.